Topic is enclosed in the description Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Point is encased in the depiction - Essay Example bes spins around circumstances when the sovereign state needs to call upon the quality of its residents to give the state and its kin the assurance it needs. In perilous circumstances, a sound vain person would in all probability not hazard his life for the assurance of the sovereign state. Nonetheless, on the off chance that such assurance isn't given by the residents, at that point the state will return to a condition of nature. Furthermore, our lives would be relinquish if the sets of the state are not followed and insurance isn't given to the state by the normal self seeker. This paper will be a basic examination paper on Hobbes’ recently referenced articulation. This investigation will explain the position being inspected, will expound contentions possibly in support of the situation being referred to, will cautiously survey the sufficiency and quality of the contentions by thinking about potential reactions, counter-contentions, or counter-models, and offer this student’s own evaluation of where the contentions for and against the position being viewed as leave us †and is we ought to acknowledge, dismiss, or stay impartial with respect to this direction or position. The difficulty in Hobbes’ explanation is on the most proficient method to bring consistency into his contention or if consistency is even conceivable in his announcement. On the off chance that consistency is to be brought to his announcement, is a condition of nature inescapable? Hobbes is by all accounts supporting that a normal man isn't committed to render administration to the state so as to help secure sovereign interests. The difficulty in Hobbes explanation can be expressed in the inquiry †for what reason would a discerning self seeker give up his power in the condition of nature? (Stanford University Press â€Å"Social Order†). A discerning prideful person would work through the rationale of taking a chance with his life and appendage so as to ensure the state. He would consider and inquire as to whether his penance would merit the forced threat on his life. The vain person in him would do everything to maintain a strategic distance from risk and agony. He would consider approaches to spare himself,

Search warrents Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Search warrents - Research Paper Example Be that as it may, the warrant need not determine the way where the pursuit will be led. The law shows fundamental procedures and examination strategies which the official must have at the rear of their brain if a fruitful criminal examination is required. The official must acquire clear definitional issues alongside the distinguishing proof and assessment of the sorts and wellsprings of data required in criminal examinations (Rotenberg, 2002). The criminal equity forms in the genuine sense do change from state to state. Be that as it may, the general guidelines and methodology for criminal equity create in the accompanying stages: Investigation: An individual, for example, who has seen stash items carried over the fringes and kept in a particular structure, may call law implementation officials so as to report the wrongdoing. An examination will in this way be propelled dependent on the witness’s protest. Court order: If the exploring officials accept that there is proof depe ndent on the witness’s guarantee, they may attempt to acquire a court order from the court permitting them to look through the premises. The directing appointed authority will audit the data put together by the cop in the oath whether there is reasonable justification to help it (Rotenberg, 2002). ... In the event that an official has a reasonable justification to accept that the individual being referred to has carried out a wrongdoing, regardless of whether the wrongdoing was not dedicated in their quality, the official may capture the suspect. Arraignment: Officers may choose to record criminal accusations either previously or following capturing the suspect. As a rule, the criminal equity procedure will begin by filling a protest or data, and afterward followed by a rand jury procedures bringing about an arraignment or a starter hearing (Rotenberg, 2002). Arraignment: This is generally the introduction of the charges in an open court. This procedure might be called fundamental hearing however relying upon the state being referred to. During this time, the charges are perused to the blamed individual by the appointed authority and asked either to concede or not blameworthy. For the most part, the denounced legal counselor might be available, or the legal advisor designated by t he court to speak to the respondent. The charged individual regularly is approached to introduce a security called bail. Bail is advanced just to guarantee that the denounced individual appears for additional criminal procedures, which may incorporate preliminary and sentence (Pitowsky, 2002). For the most part the bail is in the money related nature, and can either be paid in real money, as bail security or as a promise of property if at all the court permits this type of security. Necessity of a court order in United Kingdoms and USA Requirements of court order typically contrast contingent upon the state. Take United Kingdom for instance, court orders are given by the nearby judge and requires a constable to give a proof to help the warrant application. As a rule where the cop has just held a charged in authority, searches of the premises can be made without warrant

The Housing Hustle COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

The Housing Hustle COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog If finding a place to live in NYC has you feeling like the focus of an Edvard Munch painting, do not panic because I’ve got you covered! As a SIPA student who didn’t get university housing, renting in NYC was the only option for me. I currently live at 113th and Frederick Douglass Blvd., in a tiny two-bedroom apartment with a roommate. While it is small, the rent is affordable, the neighborhood is great, and I love it! This post is designed to go over some tips and tricks to navigating the off-campus housing hunt in NYC. Finding an off-campus apartment in NYC truly brings new meaning to the phrase playing it fast and loose, so here are a couple of things to keep in mind when searching: Timing: In New York is it completely normal to obtain an apartment five days before you need to move in. This sounds stressful, but it is very common for apartments and sublets to be advertised a month or less in advance of the move-in date. If you’re on the hunt for an apartment for the fall I recommend checking out Facebook groups like New York Sublets Apartments and Gypsy Housing, as well as Columbia’s Off-Campus Housing Assistance (OCHA) website (also check out their video here). You can also try hunting on Craigslist, but be wary of scams. Furthermore, you can do it the old-fashioned way by going through a real estate broker to find you a place. I myself used Bohemian Realty because they specialize in the upper west side, but note there are brokers fees associated with it. When you find an apartment you like, I recommend putting your application is as soon as possible because the market moves fast and you don’t want to lose it! Location: When looking for off-campus housing it’s important to know what neighborhoods you want to live int. Most SIPA students live in Morningside Heights, Harlem and the Upper West Side because they are within walking distance or just a short commute away (the 1, B and C subway lines are close to campus). However, there are plenty of students who live in other NYC neighborhoods like Brooklyn, the Lower East Side, and Queens. I encourage you to explore them if you’re interested because hey, this is NYC, and you can always commute to school. Roomies: Deciding on if you want to live with roommates is a big decision, however, most SIPA students live with roommates. Having a roommate is a great way to cut costs, and is really common in NYC. So, how do you find roommates then? If you’re searching for a roommate I recommend filing out a profile on the OCHA Find a Roommate. After creating a profile you will be able to search for potential roommates within Columbia, although you will need a UNI to access it. Additionally, most students find their roommates through the incoming class Facebook and Craigslist. Be Vigilant: Always beware of scams! I recommend reading this article about how to avoid scams. Never give out sensitive information over email unless you can verify the listing. This should go without saying, but always read and review the lease agreement, you want to make sure you are getting a fair deal, and that there is nothing wonky included somewhere in the text. Never pay in cash as most legitimate landlords and brokers will accept a certified check to hold your security deposit and first month’s rent. Rent: Rents vary here in NYC, and greatly depend on location and the number of roommates you are living with. I recommend a rent range of $900-$1600 a month depending on your financial flexibility. If you want to live close to Midtown the rents will be significantly higher, however, the farther uptown or into Brooklyn you go, the cheaper it tends to get. In New York most landlords require you to demonstrate that you have around 40x the rent before you sign. If you cannot meet these requirements, then the landlord will ask for a guarantor to co-sign the lease with you. If you are an international student I recommend taking a look at the International Students Scholars Office website (ISSO), which will give you more information on the housing process. Other Expected Costs: If you use a broker, there will usually be a broker fee attached. This can get pretty pricey, so I recommend being conscious of the broker fees when searching for your apartment. Furthermore, many apartments have an application fee. This varies from place to place, but I’ve seen them anywhere from $25 to $200, so be prepared to cut a check on the spot when you are applying for an apartment. Okay, I know that may have been information overload, but these are things I wish I had known before doing my first apartment hunt two years ago. While the search can be stressful, do not worry â€" I promise you will find something! I hope you find this helpful. (Incoming students, keep an eye out for information about SIPA Admission’s Housing Webinar taking place in early July 2019.)

Essay on Candide a Satire on the Enlightenment - 604 Words

Candide is an outlandishly humorous, far-fetched tale by Voltaire satirizing the optimism espoused by the philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment. It is the story of a young mans adventures throughout the world, where he witnesses much evil and disaster. Throughout his travels, he adheres to the teachings of his tutor, Pangloss, believing that all is for the best in the best of all possible worlds. Candide is Voltaires answer to what he saw as an absurd belief proposed by the Optimists - an easy way to rationalize evil and suffering. Though he was by no means a pessimist, Voltaire refused to believe that what happens is always for the best.brbrThe Age of Enlightenment is a term applied to a wide variety of ideas and advances in†¦show more content†¦(526)brbrThe multitudes of disasters, which Candide endures, culminate in his eventual, if temporary, abandonment of optimism. When asked Whats optimism? by Cacambo, Candide replies, AlasÂ…it is a mania for saying things are w ell when one is in hell. (555) brbrCandide finally begins to recognize the futility of his dear Pangloss philosophy. Voltaire concludes Candide by having Candide discover the Turks truth to life - Â…the work keeps us from three great evils, boredom, vice and poverty. (584) Candide and his band of followers consider these words and decide that they must cultivate their garden. Even when the entire group has accepted the pastoral lifestyle, finding contentment, Pangloss the Optimist attempts to prove how all their prior misfortunes were parts of the necessary chain of events for them to reach happiness. Voltaire paints Pangloss as the true dolt of optimism, never realizing the errors of his own logic.brbrEven though a philosopher of the Enlightenment himself, Voltaire uses Candide as a platform to criticize the utter optimism of his fellows. His use of satire throughout the story has a serious purpose. Voltaire uses satire as a means of pointing out injustice, cruelty, andShow More RelatedEssay on Use of Satire to Attack Optimism in Voltaires Candide1358 Words   |  6 PagesUse of Satire to Attack Optimism in Voltaires Candide       In its time, satire was a powerful tool for political assault on Europes corrupt and deteriorating society. Voltaires Candide uses satire to vibrantly and sarcastically portray optimism, a philosophical view from the Enlightenment used to bury the horrors of 18th century life: superstition, sexually transmitted diseases, aristocracy, the church, tyrannical rulers, civil and religious wars, and the cruel punishment of the innocentRead MoreCandide by Voltaire847 Words   |  3 PagesCandide Paper Many critics argue that Candide is not an enlightened work, but Voltaire’s satire thoroughly reflects on the philosophical morals and lessons of the Enlightenment. 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Sociological Factors Of Criminal Behavior Essay - 2085 Words

This paper will focus on the sociological factors of criminal behavior. This study will illustrate how society and other external influences drive an individual into committing crimes. Differential Association Theory and Strain Theory will be applied in this paper. Research by Agnew, Helfgott, Merton, Sharma, S., Sharma, G., Barkataki and others will be examined as well. Additionally, an experiment conducted by Patenoster, McGloin, Nguyen, Thomas and a story told by BBC will be used as an aid to a deeper understanding in the external factors of criminal behavior. The main focus centers around on how society and other external factors play a role in the development of criminal behavior. Keywords: crime, Differential Association Theory, Strain Theory, deviance, delinquency, media, society, copycat crime, external factors, criminal behavior Criminal behavior is defined as an act that violates the public law established by the government. Individuals exhibiting criminal behavior may be subjected to negative consequences such as imprisonment or death penalty. Criminal behavior is normally associated with deviance, which is the violations of norms (Henslin, 2017). The factors which influences the criminal behavior is often debated by researchers, whether they are acquired or inborn. Specifically, scientists who study sociobiology believe that genetic predispositions lead people to engage in deviant or criminal acts (Henslin, 2017). As the study of geneticsShow MoreRelatedtheories on crime comparison1138 Words   |  5 Pagespaper will provide information on sociological theory including the relationship between personality and criminal behavior according to sociological theory. Also, this paper will provide a comparison on each key elements on sociological theory, biological theory, and psychological theory. In addition, the paper will allow each reader to understand the philosophical basis for each theory. 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The Concept of Justice Free Essays

string(156) " a person engaging in injustice will most likely become wealthy in physical attributes, he lacks the fundamental virtues and characteristics of a good man\." Socrates and Aristotle both have contrasting views of the concept of justice which serves to influence their notions of an ideal constitution. The abstract, speculative ideas of Socrates will be compared and contrasted with the practical, sensory ones of Aristotle in matters concerning justice and politics. Both Aristotle and Socrates disagree with regards to the definition of justice and what qualities are attributed to a just person. We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept of Justice or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to Aristotle, a just person must follow the law and refrain from greed. In the opinion of Socrates, greed consists of taking more than what is required to survive. He stresses the importance of prudence and temperance in the lives of a just person. Aristotle, however, states that a greedy person is someone who does not understand the difference between taking what is good and what is not good. A wealthy person can also be just. Aristotle provides two different types of justice which he labels distributive and rectifactory justice. Distributive justice is concerned with the distribution of money, honour, and other resources amongst those who have a share in public organization. Equality is of the greatest importance when distributing goods. Rectifactory justice concerns transactions between individuals in which both parties mutually exchange goods or services. Through both of these means Aristotle seeks to provide justice in the written law of his polis which is devoted to the advantage of all. However, Socrates views justice as the harmonious parts of the person or of a city. A just man, therefore, is in just the right place and doing his best to perform his function. He claims that the function of a human being is deliberation, ruling, living, and taking care of things. The ideas of Aristotle differ greatly from this perspective. He states that the human function is to perform activities that express reason. Socrates views his ideal city in which every person performs his or her function. His views pertain to the community in which a person lives while Aristotle’s views are more individualistic as someone who expresses reason in his logic can do so without other people or his community. In the Republic, Socrates attempts to illustrate his views with the parable of the ship. The unjust city is like an open ocean crewed by a powerful but drunken captain (representing the ignorant common people), a group of untrustworthy advisors (politicians), and a navigator (the philosopher). The only way the ship will reach its destination, the good, is if the navigator takes charge. Philosophers, who are lovers of wisdom, should rule because they understand what is good and just. It is also the opinion of Socrates that people who have been the victims of injustice are more likely to become unjust themselves. He disagrees with the notion that returning debts owed, helping friends, and harming enemies are not suitable reasons for doing injustice: â€Å"So if someone tells us it is just to give to each what he is owed and understands by this that a just man should harm his enemies and benefit his friends, the one who says it is not wise. I mean, what he says is not true. For it has become clear to us that it is never just to harm anyone† (Plato, Republic, 335e). A wise person would understand that it is not beneficial to his soul to do injustice only to his enemies. A wise person, according to Socrates would never harm anyone. He maintains that a kind just ruler judges what is best for his people and holds their interests in greater esteem than his friends or family: â€Å"†¦ No one in any position of rule†¦ considers or enjoins what is advantageous for himself, but what is advantageous for his subjects† (Plato, Republic, 342e). A ruler who performs acts of injustice is, by nature, more prone to corruption and tyranny. In this way he gives increased support to his argument concerning philosophers as rulers of the polis. Socrates and Aristotle also differ in their opinions as to which form of government is best to rule the polis. Socrates defends the notion that the city would best be governed by the philosopher-kings; a group of people who had endured rigorous mental and physical training for the majority of their lives. They would govern together as a group or an oligarchy. Aristotle recognizes the fact that it is possible for an oligarchy to degenerate into a tyranny, which is the worst possible state. He recommends the formation of a polity or a democracy as the lesser of two evils. Socrates draws a fine line between ignorance and wisdom. It is, in fact, recognizing what one does not know from what one knows. Therefore, if one cannot recognize the virtue of justice, one must be said to be ignorant: â€Å"†¦ if justice is indeed wisdom and virtue, it will be easy to show, I suppose, that it is stronger than injustice, since injustice is ignorance† (Plato, Republic, 351a). Wisdom is undoubtedly the more esteemed when compared with ignorance and consequently justice must be better esteemed than injustice. However, Socrates is confronted with arguments in favour of injustice. He attempts to defend justice as being more profitable than injustice: â€Å"†¦ that to do injustice is naturally good and to suffer injustice bad†¦ The best is to do injustice without paying the penalty; the worst is to suffer it without taking revenge† (Plato, Republic, 358e). In other words, it is acceptable and encouraged for someone to perform acts of injustice as long as he is not found out and does not suffer the consequences. If however, an act of injustice is carried out against someone, it is the duty of the victim to take revenge on him. Socrates points out that this course of action leads only to unimportant material gain. Thrasymachus claims that committing acts of injustice without being caught is more profitable to one’s reputation and would allow one to achieve more. Socrates acknowledges that although a person engaging in injustice will most likely become wealthy in physical attributes, he lacks the fundamental virtues and characteristics of a good man. You read "The Concept of Justice" in category "Essay examples" The virtue of something is the state or property that makes it good. For instance, the virtue of a man may include his intelligence, courage, or sense of justice. Justice, in this case, is a moral behaviour which is said to belong to virtuous people. Therefore, justice itself is a virtue. Thrasymachus’ argument has no merit because a man who strives to achieve more by acquiring material wealth through committing acts of injustice lacks the more esteemed virtues of wisdom and justice. It is also the opinion of Socrates that just people are happier and live better lives than unjust ones. He is, of course, talking about the happiness of the soul rather than its shell, the body. Much as the virtue of the eyes is to see and the virtue of the ears to hear, the virtue of the soul is justice: â€Å"†¦ ustice is a soul’s virtue and justice its vice† (Plato, Republic, 353e). It is more profitable for a person to be just than unjust, as he will be giving his soul its virtue and therefore living a happy life. Better is the poor man with a good just soul than the rich man who has made his wealth through vice with a tainted soul. However, it must be pointed out that although Socrates claims that justice leads to happiness, he deprives the rulers of his city of happiness, though they are supposed to be trained in justice and wisdom. As Aristotle states: â€Å"†¦ ven though Socrates deprives the guardians of their happiness, he says that the legislator should make the whole city-state happy. But it is impossible for the whole to be happy unless all, most, are some of its parts are happy† (Aristotle, Politics, 1264b). Socrates thought it was crucial that the guardians were not given the sort of happiness which would no longer make them guardians. For a potter who is given jewels and riches no longer practices the art of pottery and so is no longer considered a potter. Likewise, a guardian must not be given wealth or earthly comforts but remain content with his role. Aristotle argues that even if the guardian class is not happy, it is impossible for the craftsmen, farmers, and lower classes to be happy. Without happiness, there is no justice. Socrates also claims that just people are able to work together in order to achieve a common goal. He maintains that just people working together are able to get along without doing injustice amongst themselves: â€Å"†¦ just people are wiser and better and more capable of acting, while unjust ones are not even able to act together† (Plato, Republic, 352c). Injustice causes factions, hatreds, and quarrels among people and friends. A band of robbers with a common unjust purpose would not be able to achieve it if they are unjust amongst themselves. Injustice provides conditions in which it is impossible for people to work together. Therefore, injustice prevents the different parts of the soul from working together toward a common goal. In the case of friendship and justice, Socrates and Aristotle seem to be in mutual accord. Aristotle believes friendship and comradeship to be one of the key components of leading a good life. He viewed justice as the equitability or fairness in interpersonal relations. Virtuous habits can be acquired within a moral community which ultimately leads to a virtuous and moral life. Socrates believes that the nature of the state is analogous with the nature of the individual and the nature of the soul. The soul comprises of three key principles which he calls reason, appetite, and spirit. Justice in the individual is harmony among the principles of the soul achieved by rationality and reason. He believes that the guardians have achieved harmony within their souls and so must be considered just. Since the faculties of an individual correspond on a smaller scale to that of the state, justice must also exist in the individual. Socrates believes in unity, as expressed by his confidence in the ability of just people to work together and of the family structure in the Republic. Women and children are to be shared communally by the guardians. No one woman, child, or possession is to belong to one man but rather to be shared by the whole. The well-being of the polis is placed before the well-being of an individual. Aristotle agrees that unity needs to be present to a certain extent within a city but alleges that a man who can call something his own takes more pride in it. He loves a son he can call his own more than a boy who is a son of every man. He also takes more pride in his work when he knows that what he is producing will benefit himself and his family. Socrates claims that temperance is the path to happiness and virtue and a person should only own what he needs to live temperately. Aristotle disagrees with this notion and states that it is possible to live temperately and wretchedly; the lack of property does not necessarily lead to a good life. A good person can be good even independently of the society. However, a good person is a good citizen and a good citizen can exist only as a part of the social structure. In this way, the state is, in a sense, prior to the citizen. It is evident Socrates and Aristotle share the common belief that justice is undoubtedly more beneficial than injustice. However, their definitions of justice vary greatly. The main and most crucial difference between the perspectives of Aristotle and Socrates is their view of friendship and unity. Aristotle believes that the virtue of justice encompasses all other virtues because it treats the interactions between people rather than just the dispositions of the individual. Socrates believes that the virtue of justice is first and foremost beneficial to one’s soul. Despite their contrasting views, both Aristotle and Socrates believe that justice is one of the highest and most sought after virtues. If one is to have a good life, one must be just. How to cite The Concept of Justice, Essay examples

Spiders Essay Research Paper Spiders free essay sample

Spiders Essay, Research Paper Spiders My essay is on spiders. I have chosen a few spiders to describe about. I besides have some basic info about spiders in general. Spiders comprise a big, widespread group of carnivorous arthropods. They have eight legs, can bring forth silk, and normally have toxicant secretory organs associated with Fangs. More than 30,000 species of spiders are found on every continent except Antarctica in about every sort of tellurian home ground and a few aquatic 1s every bit good. Spiders range in organic structure size from about 0.5 millimeters ( 0.02 in ) to 9 centimeter ( 3.5 in ) . The term spider is derived from the Old English spinnan ( # 8220 ; to whirl # 8221 ; ) mentioning to the group # 8217 ; s usage of silk. Spiders make up the order Araneae in the category Arachnida, which takes its name from the fabulous character Arachne, a peasant miss who challenged the weaving accomplishment of the goddess Athena. Arachne equaled Athena # 8217 ; s skill in a competition, and in response to Athena # 8217 ; s anger she hanged herself. We will write a custom essay sample on Spiders Essay Research Paper Spiders or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In tardy compunction Athena changed the organic structure of Arachne into a spider and allowed her to retain her weaving accomplishment. My first choice is the brown hermit spider. The brown hermit spider ( Loxosceles reclusa ) is a toxicant spider in in the United States. Its largely found from Kansas and Missouri, South to Texas, and west to California. Found in sheltered topographic points indoors and out-of-doorss it is about 10 millimeters ( .4 in. ) long and has an orange-yellow organic structure with a dark violin-shaped design on its dorsum. Its bite International Relations and Security Network # 8217 ; t normally fatal to worlds, the venom destroys the tegument and it may take a few months to mend. The brown hermit is largely active at dark. it feeds on little insects that it paralyzes with its toxicant. The Black Widow The black widow, Latrodectus mactans, is a toxicant spider of the household Theridiidae, order Araneida. The female, approximately 1.3 centimeter ( 0.5 in ) cubic decimeter ong, is calendered black, dumbly clothed with microscopic hairs, and has a ruddy hourglass grade on the bottom of the venters. The male, which is seldom seen, is smaller than the female and has four braces of ruddy Markss along the sides of the venters. The black widow is found worldwide in the heater parts in every province in the United States except Alaska and Hawaii ; it lives in a assortment of natural and domestic home grounds. By and large, the females are non aggressive unless agitated, although they are prone to seize with teeth when guarding an egg pouch. The deadly bite of the black widow spider, Latrodectus mactans, causes musculus cramps and take a breathing trouble in worlds and may be fatal. The female is distinguished by a ruddy hourglass taging on its bottom. The black widow eats a diet of insects, spiders and centipedes captured in its web. After copulating, the female may entrap and feed upon her mate # 8211 ; hence the name black widow. It? s deadly bite causes musculus cramps and trouble in external respiration. European wolf spiders In common American use, tarantulas are the big, haired durable spiders that make up the household Theraphosidae. Related signifiers such as funnel-web spiders and trap door spiders are besides frequently called European wolf spiders. The name came from a smaller wolf spider of Europe but was so applied by adventurers of the New World to the elephantine spiders that they encountered. No North American species has a venom that is unsafe to worlds, but tarantula organic structure hairs may bring on an allergic reaction. Tarantulas can give you a painful bite. Tarantulas occur in heater parts, where they feed on both invertebrates and little craniates. Many turn to approximately 2.5 to 7.5 centimeter ( 1 to 3 in ) long, with a 13-cm species ( 5-in ) legspan, and some South American bird-catching species are larger. Some European wolf spiders reach an age of 20 old ages.